图表:1950 年至 2100 年世界人口老龄化
随着人口结构在 21 世纪继续发生变化,世界人口老龄化将继续成为许多全球决策者关注的焦点。
世界上大多数国家都经历过或即将经历人口爆炸。再加上出生率下降和死亡率下降,很明显全球老年人口将继续达到新的高度。
Pablo Alvarez绘制的这些图表使用2022 年联合国世界人口展望中的数据来可视化各国不断增加的老龄化人口。
1950 年至 2100 年世界人口老龄化
2022 年,全球 65 岁以上人口有 7.71 亿,几乎占世界人口的 10%。
该细分市场一直在以越来越快的速度增长,预计到 2050 年将达到 16%,到 2100 年最终将达到 24%。以下是每个国家和地区的预计情况。
65 岁以上人口的国家/地区 | 1950 | 2022年 | 2100 |
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
5.13% | 9.82% | 24.03% |
![]() |
2.85% | 2.39% | 16.03% |
![]() |
6.04% | 16.66% | 49.08% |
![]() |
3.49% | 6.39% | 28.83% |
![]() |
2.38% | 7.27% | 45.41% |
![]() |
10.02% | 14.98% | 37.04% |
![]() |
2.93% | 2.6% | 12.07% |
![]() |
3.69% | 10.71% | 37.49% |
![]() |
4.14% | 10.63% | 35.4% |
![]() |
4.13% | 11.92% | 31.79% |
![]() |
8.17% | 13.15% | 36.13% |
![]() |
1.77% | 16.15% | 36.51% |
![]() |
8.17% | 16.9% | 31.38% |
![]() |
10.42% | 19.81% | 33.93% |
![]() |
6.89% | 7.11% | 30.5% |
![]() |
4.76% | 8.89% | 29.58% |
![]() |
2.88% | 3.76% | 21.89% |
![]() |
3.9% | 6.04% | 32.56% |
![]() |
5.24% | 16.28% | 33.19% |
![]() |
8.24% | 17.18% | 30.45% |
![]() |
11.03% | 19.73% | 32.83% |
![]() |
3.57% | 5.09% | 29.21% |
![]() |
7.85% | 3.06% | 11.03% |
![]() |
5.71% | 20.41% | 37.73% |
![]() |
2.53% | 6.25% | 33.35% |
![]() |
6.11% | 4.85% | 21.75% |
![]() |
14.22% | 13.84% | 28.94% |
![]() |
3.95% | 18.4% | 36.4% |
![]() |
4.32% | 3.65% | 17.96% |
![]() |
2.39% | 9.88% | 33.52% |
![]() |
8.63% | 9.95% | 32.47% |
![]() |
4.85% | 6.17% | 30.93% |
![]() |
6.66% | 22.38% | 37.13% |
![]() |
2.01% | 2.53% | 13.07% |
![]() |
3.22% | 2.48% | 13.23% |
![]() |
2.67% | 5.81% | 26.43% |
![]() |
3.47% | 2.67% | 11.89% |
![]() |
7.7% | 19.03% | 31.55% |
![]() |
3.67% | 5.55% | 32.63% |
![]() |
6.05% | 8.17% | 28.75% |
![]() |
5.% | 2.51% | 11.43% |
![]() |
4.33% | 2.01% | 9.64% |
![]() |
3.3% | 13.03% | 36.61% |
![]() |
5.04% | 13.72% | 40.93% |
![]() |
3.22% | 9.% | 34.49% |
![]() |
3.8% | 4.28% | 17.81% |
![]() |
3.36% | 2.72% | 11.99% |
![]() |
2.94% | 11.73% | 29.75% |
![]() |
2.97% | 10.83% | 36.99% |
![]() |
2.21% | 2.4% | 10.86% |
![]() |
7.82% | 22.36% | 37.03% |
![]() |
4.36% | 15.81% | 36.31% |
![]() |
5.82% | 14.95% | 30.46% |
![]() |
5.95% | 14.83% | 33.36% |
![]() |
8.29% | 20.64% | 26.94% |
![]() |
3.77% | 2.92% | 10.62% |
![]() |
9.04% | 20.49% | 30.45% |
![]() |
1.99% | 4.54% | 19.68% |
![]() |
7.67% | 9.53% | 34.28% |
![]() |
2.72% | 7.4% | 30.47% |
![]() |
5.2% | 7.83% | 31.97% |
![]() |
2.95% | 4.83% | 21.77% |
![]() |
3.93% | 8.22% | 36.02% |
![]() |
5.53% | 3.12% | 15.13% |
![]() |
3.2% | 4.01% | 19.86% |
![]() |
10.56% | 20.58% | 34.15% |
![]() |
2.68% | 4.% | 16.26% |
![]() |
3.01% | 3.14% | 18.6% |
![]() |
7.59% | 17.92% | 26.91% |
![]() |
8.27% | 11.08% | 35.86% |
![]() |
5.99% | 5.9% | 20.6% |
![]() |
6.63% | 23.27% | 34.04% |
![]() |
11.39% | 21.66% | 34.23% |
![]() |
7.96% | 5.98% | 21.13% |
![]() |
3.% | 10.07% | 37.85% |
![]() |
7.21% | 3.89% | 16.25% |
![]() |
2.5% | 2.43% | 16.06% |
![]() |
9.35% | 14.61% | 31.19% |
![]() |
9.46% | 22.41% | 33.72% |
![]() |
4.62% | 3.55% | 15.91% |
![]() |
6.94% | 20.84% | 37.63% |
![]() |
6.8% | 22.82% | 37.52% |
![]() |
3.06% | 10.02% | 29.16% |
![]() |
5.12% | 10.07% | 30.54% |
![]() |
5.51% | 20.04% | 34.45% |
![]() |
1.11% | 11.84% | 31.19% |
![]() |
2.31% | 4.91% | 28.05% |
![]() |
11.96% | 16.64% | 35.4% |
![]() |
5.39% | 3.32% | 14.% |
![]() |
3.45% | 2.82% | 14.34% |
![]() |
3.89% | 6.28% | 28.94% |
![]() |
3.64% | 4.54% | 19.07% |
![]() |
3.96% | 4.27% | 26.5% |
![]() |
2.48% | 20.47% | 41.64% |
![]() |
7.81% | 20.01% | 31.85% |
![]() |
7.52% | 15.33% | 34.25% |
![]() |
3.1% | 6.9% | 29.81% |
![]() |
1.74% | 6.86% | 25.28% |
![]() |
5.22% | 7.62% | 33.72% |
![]() |
2.79% | 3.41% | 18.44% |
![]() |
10.99% | 15.14% | 32.48% |
![]() |
13.9% | 22.29% | 31.8% |
![]() |
4.% | 12.04% | 25.97% |
![]() |
8.09% | 24.05% | 38.19% |
![]() |
3.83% | 7.45% | 44.05% |
![]() |
4.89% | 29.92% | 38.7% |
![]() |
12.34% | 16.22% | 30.52% |
![]() |
5.03% | 3.84% | 27.3% |
![]() |
6.47% | 8.04% | 19.58% |
![]() |
5.28% | 2.87% | 16.98% |
![]() |
7.13% | 3.81% | 17.33% |
![]() |
5.33% | 10.19% | 43.35% |
![]() |
2.88% | 4.93% | 31.56% |
![]() |
7.91% | 4.54% | 21.08% |
![]() |
2.13% | 4.45% | 25.24% |
![]() |
10.12% | 21.86% | 32.86% |
![]() |
7.24% | 9.89% | 32.11% |
![]() |
6.34% | 4.2% | 13.44% |
![]() |
2.97% | 3.31% | 13.88% |
![]() |
5.21% | 4.86% | 27.77% |
![]() |
7.89% | 19.37% | 34.79% |
![]() |
8.65% | 20.8% | 32.79% |
![]() |
9.71% | 15.03% | 31.55% |
![]() |
3.11% | 13.% | 32.39% |
![]() |
3.25% | 3.35% | 16.21% |
![]() |
3.06% | 2.61% | 15.61% |
![]() |
4.91% | 7.5% | 30.78% |
![]() |
3.14% | 4.78% | 35.61% |
![]() |
2.78% | 2.38% | 11.% |
![]() |
7.42% | 19.13% | 38.26% |
![]() |
5.68% | 4.56% | 17.8% |
![]() |
5.85% | 22.77% | 37.31% |
![]() |
1.44% | 3.22% | 15.03% |
![]() |
3.18% | 12.79% | 33.76% |
![]() |
6.61% | 2.88% | 18.15% |
![]() |
2.99% | 8.32% | 34.88% |
![]() |
4.11% | 6.16% | 27.59% |
![]() |
7.56% | 12.98% | 26.36% |
![]() |
15.64% | 35.92% | 30.16% |
![]() |
3.87% | 4.61% | 26.18% |
![]() |
7.85% | 16.55% | 34.16% |
![]() |
7.92% | 17.7% | 33.05% |
![]() |
2.86% | 7.72% | 29.97% |
![]() |
3.13% | 2.57% | 13.43% |
![]() |
3.21% | 6.82% | 23.69% |
![]() |
4.1% | 3.97% | 15.38% |
![]() |
8.98% | 2.5% | 15.87% |
![]() |
2.74% | 6.09% | 29.51% |
![]() |
7.76% | 20.31% | 32.89% |
![]() |
5.% | 11.02% | 31.61% |
![]() |
9.09% | 16.31% | 33.2% |
![]() |
2.71% | 5.29% | 28.92% |
![]() |
.92% | 2.4% | 9.76% |
![]() |
3.% | 2.97% | 12.31% |
![]() |
4.79% | 15.16% | 22.55% |
![]() |
2.72% | 11.71% | 30.49% |
![]() |
5.87% | 14.91% | 36.56% |
![]() |
2.95% | 10.81% | 32.09% |
![]() |
9.52% | 18.44% | 31.65% |
![]() |
3.05% | 2.76% | 23.96% |
![]() |
5.48% | 4.27% | 17.23% |
![]() |
8.59% | 9.93% | 21.48% |
![]() |
4.77% | 3.53% | 23.44% |
![]() |
3.57% | 8.77% | 30.03% |
![]() |
1.09% | 3.19% | 16.81% |
![]() |
3.73% | 6.26% | 26.51% |
![]() |
3.43% | 8.41% | 30.33% |
![]() |
3.56% | 5.44% | 23.38% |
![]() |
5.22% | 18.55% | 35.69% |
![]() |
7.% | 22.9% | 36.28% |
![]() |
3.63% | 22.93% | 48.9% |
![]() |
3.5% | 1.52% | 15.01% |
![]() |
3.81% | 13.28% | 32.4% |
![]() |
7.16% | 18.64% | 32.22% |
![]() |
4.8% | 15.8% | 27.86% |
![]() |
2.76% | 3.2% | 17.36% |
![]() |
7.3% | 10.61% | 43.89% |
![]() |
8.63% | 28.66% | 32.61% |
![]() |
5.36% | 10.13% | 29.79% |
![]() |
3.59% | 9.23% | 33.39% |
![]() |
4.47% | 11.14% | 30.08% |
![]() |
6.34% | 17.32% | 33.4% |
![]() |
7.71% | 10.86% | 32.34% |
![]() |
2.52% | 5.22% | 18.75% |
![]() |
10.15% | 20.47% | 35.73% |
![]() |
3.92% | 3.76% | 15.6% |
![]() |
3.32% | 2.81% | 30.28% |
![]() |
3.42% | 3.14% | 16.54% |
![]() |
6.15% | 20.56% | 37.55% |
![]() |
10.68% | 8.16% | 28.84% |
![]() |
3.02% | 3.14% | 15.52% |
![]() |
2.29% | 15.12% | 36.51% |
![]() |
12.03% | 10.57% | 34.51% |
![]() |
6.63% | 16.98% | 33.4% |
![]() |
7.52% | 20.96% | 33.59% |
![]() |
4.03% | 3.47% | 15.29% |
![]() |
2.6% | 2.57% | 10.75% |
![]() |
4.06% | 5.89% | 20.55% |
![]() |
2.74% | 17.49% | 44.44% |
![]() |
3.48% | 2.89% | 13.11% |
![]() |
7.23% | 20.27% | 38.72% |
![]() |
8.76% | 11.54% | 35.73% |
![]() |
3.03% | 3.5% | 13.28% |
![]() |
4.09% | 7.39% | 25.8% |
![]() |
10.19% | 20.25% | 31.83% |
![]() |
9.49% | 19.31% | 32.61% |
![]() |
7.66% | 4.68% | 24.62% |
![]() |
2.11% | 16.71% | 37.32% |
![]() |
4.34% | 3.47% | 19.43% |
![]() |
2.2% | 3.1% | 14.97% |
![]() |
3.21% | 15.21% | 39.17% |
![]() |
3.14% | 5.21% | 25.42% |
![]() |
4.29% | 3.13% | 11.77% |
![]() |
4.7% | 8.66% | 25.03% |
![]() |
4.6% | 6.22% | 21.65% |
![]() |
3.93% | 11.52% | 32.67% |
![]() |
4.4% | 9.02% | 31.24% |
![]() |
3.77% | 8.64% | 33.9% |
![]() |
5.84% | 5.15% | 21.55% |
![]() |
5.79% | 10.34% | 28.25% |
![]() |
4.98% | 6.48% | 16.15% |
![]() |
2.87% | 1.69% | 14.33% |
![]() |
7.54% | 18.81% | 33.2% |
![]() |
3.35% | 1.83% | 15.77% |
![]() |
10.84% | 19.17% | 32.56% |
![]() |
8.18% | 17.13% | 30.47% |
![]() |
7.54% | 20.42% | 39.11% |
![]() |
8.23% | 15.58% | 35.98% |
![]() |
5.87% | 5.14% | 22.24% |
![]() |
5.65% | 3.74% | 16.29% |
![]() |
2.29% | 8.61% | 27.71% |
![]() |
4.13% | 9.12% | 30.02% |
![]() |
1.76% | 13.47% | 32.98% |
![]() |
2.82% | 5.84% | 23.73% |
![]() |
3.98% | 2.66% | 18.25% |
![]() |
2.76% | 1.75% | 12.66% |
![]() |
3.18% | 3.32% | 14.22% |
今天老年人比例高的一些地方包括日本(30%)、意大利(24%) 和芬兰(23%) 等高收入国家。
最低份额集中在中东和非洲。许多国家只有 2% 的人口年龄在 65 岁及以上,例如卡塔尔、乌干达和阿富汗。
但随着时间的推移,预计几乎所有国家的老年人口都会增长。在短短三十年内,估计四分之一的欧洲、北美和亚洲居民将超过 65 岁。
到 2100 年,许多面临低人口增长的亚洲国家和岛国预计将有超过三分之一的 65 岁或以上人口,其中韩国和牙买加为 44%。然而,实际上阿尔巴尼亚是整体上最大的异常值,预计到 2100 年其 49% 的人口将达到 65 岁及以上。
传递一代火炬
人口老龄化的挑战将影响社会的各个领域,包括劳动力和金融市场、住房和交通需求,尤其是家庭结构和代际关系。
帮助掌握过渡性质的一种方法是注意世界人口中老年人和幼儿之间比例的变化,如下面的交叉图所示:
众所周知,生育率下降以及儿童和婴儿死亡率的提高是导致儿童人口趋于平稳的主要因素。
然而,并非所有国家都见证了这种交叉,因为它通常与更高的经济发展水平相吻合。
随着印度、巴西和南非等国家的人均收入水平达到更高水平,它们可能会走上更发达经济体的道路,最终经历类似的人口命运和挑战。
图表:从 1950 年到 2100 年的世界人口老龄化一文首先出现在Visual Capitalist上。
原文: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/cp/charted-the-worlds-aging-population-1950-to-2100/